The implementation of the third lunar probe satellite in recent months, the brake (Record)
2007 11 07 08:48 Xinhua
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Chang'e this morning the system in recent months, the last time action, and eventually enter the work track. According to reports, Chang'e around 8 pm will be the third time in recent months, brake, adjust the orbit period is 127 minutes and 200 km altitude polar orbit moon, Chang'e satellite will officially enter the work of scientific exploration track.
[Xinhua] First of all, let us first briefly recall the history of Chang'e flying to the moon.
[Xinhua] at 19:09 on 24 October, Chang'e I satellite was successfully launched, with a total mileage of more than 100 million kilometers, a long time about two weeks, raise the height from 200 km to 600 km. directive issued after 130 seconds, the first successful orbit. The orbit that the satellite propulsion system working properly.
[Xinhua] at 17:33 on the 26th of a goddess of the moon No. The first implementation of the perigee orbit, the satellite into an apogee of more than 70,000 km in 24 hour period orbit. In this orbit, the satellite will run 3 laps.
[Xinhua] at 17:40 on the 30th, Chang'e One 48-hour cycle of the satellite to reach orbit apogee height from the ground 12 million kilometers, setting a new measurement and control of spacecraft flight record.
[Xinhua] at 17:56 on the 29th, in the South Pacific on the measurement of Yuanwang III ship an order, Chang'e I started the second satellite perigee orbit.
[Xinhua] at 17:28 on the 31st, the successful implementation of Chang'e satellite perigee orbit Third, to successfully enter the earth-moon transfer orbit, Moon began to fly. It is also a satellite into orbit after the fourth orbit.
[Xinhua] at 11:37 on November 5, the Beijing Aerospace Control Center on the Chang'e I satellite was successfully implemented for the first time in recent January brake, the successful completion of the first Beijing Aerospace Control Center Chang'e I satellite has successfully implemented a second time in recent months, the brake, the satellite successfully entered the period of 3.5 hours of small elliptical lunar orbit.
[reporters] are now the scene has been very busy today, a goddess of the moon number will be the last time the perigee orbit after 114 hours to begin the journey flying to the moon slowly, in the middle of the journey had a correction, enter the lunar orbit in the day before yesterday, yesterday for the second time in recent months, the brake, the third time in recent months today braking time is about 8:24:21, probably in 8:34:32 over. success, means that the lunar probe into the working orbit to begin scientific exploration work.
[news] First you give us introduction, into orbit today, what kind of track?
[expert] we call the operating orbit, first, it is a circular orbit is 200 km away from the moon. cycle is 127 minutes. Second, it is polar lunar orbit, it has always been flying across the moon's poles rotate.
[reporters] in orbit, the satellites do it?
[experts] in orbit, the latter part of the scientific experiment is to prepare.
[reporters] are less than 20 seconds, we were waiting for this moment.
[Xinhua News] Chang'e third time in recent months, the engine braking power.
[Xinhua] The system will continue to move about ten minutes, on-site staff are busy working.
[Xinhua] According to the National Defense Science, Technology and Industry Committee, deputy director of demand-fat Chan introduced Chang'e satellite into lunar orbit, orbit control and to maintain follow-up, scientific exploration, tasks such as data transmission and reception is still arduous.
[Xinhua] Chang'e achieved in the November 7, after the third time in recent months, the brake can eventually enter the work planned lunar orbit. Chang'e reached orbit ability to establish and maintain post-directional three-body posture, which can ensure the detection of the payload of the month, the Japanese solar wings to get energy, maintain directional antenna data transmission, while the satellite itself, thermal control, power supply system can equal portions No effective regulation is the key link in the follow-up.
[Xinhua News] at 8:35 on the 7th, Chang'e satellite main engine shutdown, the end of the third brake in recent months.
[Xinhua News ] Beijing flight control center announced, the work of Chang'e satellite successfully entered orbit, the upcoming lunar exploration activities.
[expert] the third time in recent months, the success of a brake after a real lunar probe into orbit by the mission flight of the aircraft, they can conduct scientific experiments work.
[expert] now to the lunar satellite has entered orbit of work to begin activities of various scientific experiments, the load began to start work again. We look forward to Chang'e data can be a very good back, which can quickly these data to the public to see.
[Moderator] just like how the situation in the field?
[news] When 8:34:32, 490 Newton successful closure of large horsepower engine, the target orbit and orbital overlap, when the reality, staff and hugged tightly.
[expert] Chang'e satellite rushing the past 10 days, to accurately capture the moon as the moon satellites, but away from the target orbit there is a considerable distance. After nearly three days of hard work, we point in recent months after the implementation of three brake, has entered the target orbit, it can be said the project objectives have been completed, it is very large Chang'e important stage, marking China's space capabilities have been fully completed entry point off to explore the moon and capacity.
[expert] on November 5 is the first time that day into a circular orbit of the moon, This is a very big breakthrough. Today, we are very accurate to achieve the target orbit is circular orbit, 212 km, this is our very great success.
[expert] We engage in space four or five years, but to the moon was the first time, did have a great chance, but there are many unknown things. today to reach the moon the target orbit, can say that we Chinese people are proud to say, the moon, the Chinese people, the Chinese people to China accurately to the people. This time we are very excited.
[Reporter] What do the following work?
[expert] The next task is to probe the moon, all the telemetry data to be down, but all down before the telemetry data, satellite attitude adjustment to be consistent with attitude, we'll be down after the data processing.
[reporters] have confidence in you?
[expert] I think it is totally confident.
[ ,],[br> [Ma Xingrui] should be said that the accurate, precise orbit into the ring full moon, the realization of scientific objectives for the next step to lay the most solid foundation. Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation undertakes two major launch vehicle and satellite systems, I first responsibility should be considered, it should be said that this launch is the exact launch, precise orbit, and today they have achieved the exact and precise lunar flight, the basic objective of the project can be achieved.
[Ma Xingrui] Next satellite systems to conduct in-orbit testing, be prepared to establish normal posture, a scientific exploration of the Moon. So the next step in the arduous task, we also need space systems and the General Armament Department and the Academy of Sciences, a command and control system working closely together to be able to achieve the goal of science.
[reporters] to everyone talk about you at work after the satellite orbit to be doing a thing?
[Ma Xingrui] Chang'e I lunar satellite mission a year, many experts have introduced a nutshell is the three-dimensional imaging surface of the moon, is to create three-dimensional map on the same time for measuring the thickness of lunar soil, and includes some useful elements on the moon probing. After this time, the flight, on the earth-moon space environment have also been detected.
[Reporter] Do you work on the next satellite is confidently right?
[Ma Xingrui] I am very confident, and I believe that we teams are mature, is the ability to fight a hard battle, we have a spiritual space, > [expert] Chang'e flying to the moon from the earth process, step by step to enter the moon's gravitational field, its speed will be the emergence of a track point, that is, it is to balance the Earth-Moon gravity, the speed will gradually reduce and gradually speed up the process, it is necessary to calculate this point very accurately.
[expert] on the basis of accuracy in the calculation, but also to put the satellite into a very precise attitude, and in this posture, according to our center amount of control to complete a fire control, so that you can speed down the satellite, but the deceleration process is very stable under the control, if the brakes too fast, it is possible to hit the satellite to the moon, if the speed down so less the moon's gravity, it will fly out of the gravitational field of the moon. This early practice in the United States and Russia, when the lunar exploration, both of which have appeared. So for the orbit calculation, the selection of control points and the control process monitoring, requiring very high precision is difficult. The first braking is completed in recent months, the satellite has been on the lunar orbit Rao, followed by two relatively speaking, much smaller degree of difficulty will.
[Moderator] we at the national observatory on-line news.
[Reporter] I mm ground application system, the National Astronomical Observatory headquarters, where the most important job is to receive and process data. at the appropriate time, the eight science instruments will start exploration work. we look at, although it is very deserted headquarters ground application system, but the real busy time is coming soon, although this ten days, the satellite in good condition so that scientists have been confident, but a little preparation but not dare to relax. from the launch date, here are 24 hours a day on duty, and in the environment of the scene which we have noticed a detail, these days more than a few very obvious publicity board.
[ ,],[arrangements for engineering tasks, such work would continue at least a year.
[Reporter] What is above the moon? the most intuitive approach is to take pictures than to the moon, Chang'e This gives us more of a nameless expectations. Here are the first image processing.
[expert] has been repeated the international lunar exploration program, also produced the lunar surface three-dimensional images, but the coverage of the Moon is not very satisfactory, especially poles is not particularly clear, our goal is to produce three-dimensional image full moon, it can reflect the ups and downs of the lunar surface morphology.
[Reporter] What is the camera work status?
[expert] CCD Chang'e satellite camera flight with the continuous shooting the lunar surface, forming a 15 cm wide film, this film can reflect on Table 60 km wide strip.
[Reporter] The first picture was black and white or color?
[expert] black and white, because our main goal is to produce three-dimensional image the lunar surface, according to the design and analysis of the task ahead for the visible band, is the human eye can see fully meet the mandate of gray requirements.
[Moderator] Today, from launch to completion until the third brake, there is no worry about the key points?
[experts] are mainly the process of orbit is the orbit from Earth orbit to the half time , there is a half orbit to lunar orbit from time, after all, is the first time, there are still many uncertain factors, this can be successful, they do very well.
[Moderator] If it successful, Which step is reached? If the line meters, this is the line number of steps?
[experts] to the whole process from the launch trajectory design process, I think it is completely successful. The next step depends on the instrument can does not work, this is the next critical. to this place, I think most have been successful.
[Moderator] 380,000 km of the road, but after a few orbital transfer process, not previously field testing, the way you think of this instrument will not be affected?
[expert] should be said that there are many risks along the way, the first is to orbit the moon, had never designed, first of all give it refers to a the right way to let it go. because of the relative movement of the moon and Earth to find an optimal window, using the energy approach to the province of the past, to choose the right conditions, and ground-based monitoring.
[expert] Second, the design is good after which they control the road is good, as you would like to go this way. Third, the communication link problem. If the detector is not in the air and ground contact, and that means we have no charges on it or understand Star state, so the entire link that we've never done 380,000 km of the link assurance. now it should be said has been resolved. Throughout the flight, the load state is a telemetry information to ensure that it can orbit after normal start of work.
[experts] with the various countries to increase the number of launching spacecraft, in the case of near-Earth orbit, there may be some risk of collision, but the probability of such collisions are very small. We Chang'e One in the control process, mainly taking into account track design and optimization of minimum energy. into lunar orbit, the same is considered such a problem, we want to ensure that the satellite in the course of a year-long stable running posture, the control is the focus of our attention should be paid.
[Yuan Wang tracking ship Three Liu Jun, vice captain] In recent days, tracking ship in which the sea has been in a poor state of sea conditions, long continuous monitoring and control ship with a continuous roll, so that the staff on board is very tired. by today's measurement and control, we will be watched Chang'e satellite into orbit to its final mission, Chang'e satellite will be around 127 minutes per week, month, Yuan Wang Three complete all the survey work started for home. away from the country a month, and the crew is to miss their loved ones at home, wish all the pro-Yuan Wang Three people healthy, we will come back.
[Moderator] This times, a total of four goals Chang'e, a planetarium and the general public interest from the perspective of three-dimensional images to draw the moon is not the most concern?
[expert] at least the first task is displayed.
[Moderator] from the point of taking pictures, that is, the angle from the planetarium and the science talk, talk from a scientific point of view, photos taken this time what is the significance? will fill what?
[experts] in fact the moon three-dimensional imaging, topography of the moon can deduce some of the evolution of the moon, why there is such a topography, internal structure and so some things can get a lot of scientific research value.
[expert] detection The main purpose of the moon's mineral composition is twofold: first, by analyzing the moon's mineral composition, but also to analyze the origin of the moon, Earth and its mineral composition and mineral composition of other planets contrast, can draw on some of the origin of the Moon Science inferred. Second, the moon does not have a lot of elements on Earth, the moon Yes, we have clearly detected after the development and utilization of these resources for the future to lay a good foundation.
[expert] the thickness of lunar soil is mainly to estimate the Three levels of helium. lunar surface with a layer of about 5m15 m thick regolith, lunar helium adsorbed in three. probably three to helium on the moon for a hundred years the global demand for generating capacity, but helium-three to get the applications on Earth There is still a far distance.
[experts] are the satellite has entered orbit to a mission that can begin to track scientific experiments, but the real science from the beginning of the experiment some time. the current satellite attitude or orientation to the sun, and if would like to take pictures, you must install the camera side of the moon, the stars aligned, we call on January mirror, this probably began in the November 18, control flow to reach 100 points or more, the satellite's attitude will be turned to the moon by the sun, so that started to really work the payload.
[Expert] This control is very complex, never done this kind of control. precisely because it is a long time to control the current requirements of the Earth-Moon relationship is not satisfied, and only in November 18 or so, due to appear this month in relation to the control conditions, we have to go to satellite for the first time on the state, so as to start exploration.
[expert] but this process, we have the satellite also a lot of control because the moon's environment is a very complex environment, compared with the Earth, the satellite is concerned there are many different effects, such as the installation of satellite ultraviolet sensor, the satellite did not have the orbiting sensor. satellite attitude determination in three directions must be the first center to control the satellites, stars on the moon, while solar panels facing the sun should gain energy, and use the directional antenna aimed at Earth, so as to transfer the data back.
[Moderator] there had been any moon hot?
[experts] said we should be very concerned, because this is a big project, over time, will certainly affect a lot of people to pay attention to astronomy, in astronomy since may be more.
[reporters] Although success is over an hour, but the lively atmosphere of the hall still did not stop. This is a satellite system to me as commander in chief and chief designer Ye Peijian. so successful thanks to what?
[Ye Peijian] benefit from accurate and hard work.
[Reporter] How accurate implementation of the satellite?
[Ye Peijian] all want to achieve to achieve the precise . The most high-precision reached ten thousandths. precision than I thought.
[Reporter] The next step depends on the satellite, and then do what they do?
[Ye Peijian] separated from the satellite and the rocket launch After the performance it should be said that the performance of the satellite so far are good in all respects with the ring next month has been a complete success.
[Ye Peijian] told me four good: First, the design is better. Second, satellite into space after the Control is better. The measured accurately under control, to achieve very good. Third, the satellite perform better. perform well, test well is not OK. Fourth, the key to the key, all good depending on what ? depends on the person. We are these people, the whole work is very precise, every day to discuss in advance, after summary. the work of accurate results can we do now so accurate.
[reporters] to me this is the orbit room Director Don song real. In this case several flight control, accuracy to 1.7% from the initial 0.3%, to ten thousandths, how much of today's deviation?
[Tang and Song real] should be said that behind these second, to speed up the last nearly reached the ten thousandths place. The control error should be ten thousandths.
[reporters] had in the course of 114 hours flying to the moon, Chang'e amendment to the middle three times, but canceled two, the middle one was gently, to tell you what effect it brings you?
[Tang and Song real] we eliminate the middle amendment, thanks to accurate satellite orbit, there is that several control fine every time, this is way we eliminate the basic conditions for amendments to abolish the middle of revised savings directly to the satellite 200 kg of fuel. satellite into space, the drop of your gold. fuel savings, we expect a year do track maintenance, fuel savings, we can do for two years, or even three years, if these fuels to support our science project, we can do a variety of experimental tracks, such as raising or lowering the orbit track, various experiments can be done.
[expert] satellite fuel economy are two aspects, one is the track is optimized, control is very accurate, to bring fuel savings. in the satellite launch has brought us to save fuel , 24, the launch window, our window to the launch site to ensure that a zero emission, so that we can find the best earth-moon transfer the entry point.
[experts] in addition to the life of the satellite depends on the life of its own components outside, depending on fuel and electricity. just said fuel, enough for us to support a long time, if the satellite itself is good for electronic components, you can continue. The second fuel is by solar panels, running process, To ensure the supply of satellite energy, we will adjust the satellite attitude, we are flying and side fly called.
[expert] We want to complete the camera, the load devices are designed according to specified height must be 200 plus or minus 25 km, the work results are the best. because the moon is basically a ball.
[expert] the inspection, including inspection of equipment technical state of ground station in Kunming, personnel and logistics status of working conditions, Kunming ground station is currently in good condition, all staff in place, ready to receive tasks to complete the data preparation.
[expert] Kunming flight control ground station will be based on plans for data reception, data received over the network to the ground application system headquarters and the local store. We will arrange the moon landing time work, working hours per day, probably in about 12 hours.
[Moderator] This picture is taken as a whole is still dominated by the details of the main shoot ? the details you have a choice? camera is kept in the film, we come back or ground a command choose this option?
[expert] The main purpose of the Chang'e I still do global, survey of photographs , does not require the resolution of a particularly high point is a census of. there is no focus, it should be said there is no pre-determined where to shoot, or a global survey. Let the width of about 60 km. There is a light problem, there is no way back the moon shot.
[host] is not out of the payload and energy considerations into account various aspects, one to the dark side will automatically shut down?
[expert ] to the dark side does not automatically shut down, if that becomes a yaw attitude when the stereo camera can not shoot, it will be shut down. is certainly a wide range of pre-survey, post the specific point of interest which can be set to further photography area. the first census after the image to the ground after the boot where and where not boot, the ground can be controlled.
[reporters] the flight speed is 1596.84 meters per second, according to the original design was to achieve 1.59 kilometers per second. So far, all the precise content of a very important, and that is our current design of the implementation of this satellite system is very accurate.
[Reporter] What exactly due? benefit design The system, which is the first time in our country around the probe, without much prior warning, can do this, innovation is more important. I introduce you to a Yu, Assistant Army Europe. In fact the preparation of the procedures were at work one year, his average daily working time is four hours, thirteen. and your colleagues work with many people?
[Europe and more than Army] editing software eighty seven people, but more people involved in this work, there are more than a hundred people.
[Reporter] How many million lines of the system command?
[Europe over the military] have 1.03 million lines. including early to do some tests, that code is relatively large, more than 160 million lines, the entire 260 million down the line, about a year and a half or so with time, a step is in accordance with the Software Engineering of the road to go down.
[Reporter] What can we learn from the experience to have? how do we put this set of models and their compiled out of the system?
[Europe over the military] in our country is currently off detection the first time, you can learn from the experience as us, that is, pre-some, such as the Shenzhou series of work, most of the work or in the dark. In addition to system monitoring software with some of the more than 90% are our own R & D software.
[reporters] are Yuanwang III, II and Mountain stations are already out of the monitoring and control. then tell you a message, where seven staff to get ready for God.
[experts] from the satellite control point of view, the third time in recent months after the end of braking, there is a very important follow-up control is converted to a monthly orientation, the complexity of this operation is also very high, we must ensure that it succeeds to get a lot of science according to plan probe data. flight control scheme is established by us, because for the first time to the moon, surrounded by a lot of unknown factors, including temperature and state of the satellite itself, we should be more closely monitored.
[Moderator] but need not be the total number of so much?
[expert] is.
[Moderator] just said 18 is a key point, both the moon, the sun towards the aspects of energy supply, data transmission is again toward earth, The first picture is probably going to come back?
[expert] payload power after gradually accumulated images of the moon is a pushbroom approach. two-dimensional image acquisition is faster, now understand that the received map like after about 6 hours, can handle it. If you want processed into three-dimensional, time will be longer, probably a day or so. our first trip to the moon, even when shooting the sun's elevation angle and there relationship, we have to choose the right camera parameters, is to see stars on the CCD camera light in what in what circumstances the shutter and aperture take clearer images, after this test, you can work continuously to obtain a very clear image.
[Moderator] from the symbol of the meaning and the feeling of excitement for everyone, perhaps the first, second photo is important, but from a practical point of view, perhaps not the most important because with the nature of a pilot shot?
[expert] should be said that the first two photos more symbolic number, the subsequent accumulation of greater scientific significance.
[Moderator] Apart from detection of something outside, but also to bring the 32 songs, we can hear you?
[experts] to hear. We kept a lot inside the songs and voice, as planned, in a fixed number of festivals, these voice download for all to hear. By the time I will tell everyone to listen, because I have not heard, I think will sound very good.
[expert] but not everyone can take such a direct ear to hear, because the universe is a vacuum, sound can not be transmitted, or transmission of radio waves back, then decoding can be heard on the radio or the Internet.
[reporters] are the Chang'e I satellite orbiting more smoothly. I'll share a guest, he is the deputy chief engineer of the flight control center, monitoring and control system of Lunar Exploration Zhou Jianliang, deputy chief designer. He took two books, is to have plans for the implementation of fault countermeasures program, these two books, 600 pages, mainly to prevent the satellite into orbit during launch to 148 measures can think of. Now there are two books with you?
[Zhou Jianliang] should be said that 8 times as we track the implementation of countermeasures, and now all Rail Strategy has been set aside.
[reporters] in the coming year, the track will do what monitoring work?
[Zhou Jianliang] Since the characteristics of the lunar gravitational field, and now the work of the satellite into orbit, but the lunar gravity field role, it will be more low points in recent months, much will be more and more on point, eventually if not combined, it will exceed our design specifications. Under the current plan, once a month to track the maintenance , that is, point of control in recent months the satellite gear, it far down on points. to the far point to the satellite on acceleration, so that its lift in recent months points.
[Moderator] This is the first time lunar flight, which is to repeat? why the 70's had a man on the moon boom, these years seem to heat up again?
[expert] each time there will be some that can not be avoided detection duplication of work, a lot of work Chang'e is the first time in our country, such as the full three-dimensional three-dimensional imaging of the lunar surface. the heat in the moon, as the United States, Russia previously had been landing on the moon.
[expert] as defined previously astronomy satellite is defined, the definition only when the definition of satellite artificial satellite, and now developed to the moon, Mars and beyond further planetary exploration, and if then told the satellite is not very accurate. We also feel that the future is called the detection Some more accurate device.
[experts] at the beginning of Chang'e satellite of Earth, and now it is a lunar satellite, I think it is no problem, but the middle of a process of flying to the moon, the whole process is called probe control better, but now it does not call into question the lunar satellite, or right.
[Moderator] hope scholars to give us a more accurate to say, this is even more convenient. Chang'e One is October 24 launch such a long time in the future, we recommend to Aspect.
[expert] let countries already have a satellite around the moon, the flight control center as Beijing is concerned, we have successfully completed a manned space mission launch We have the three astronauts into space and sent back. I hope that one day our country's astronauts to walk on the moon.
[experts] with the smooth development of the Chang'e I work as a space technology Hospital, two to send a lander, a device inspections, visits to fall to the lunar surface, no longer remote, but the real place to go for testing. I believe a few years should be able to probe in Chinese work on the surface.
[experts] in the near term, the data returned is the most anticipated. long-term perspective, the Moon is followed by the interplanetary probe, want to see our probe to Mars and other planets up.
[Xinhua] This is the end of this broadcast.
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